Arles is a good exam­ple of the adap­ta­tion of an ancient city to medieval Euro­pean civ­i­liza­tion. It has some impres­sive Roman mon­u­ments, of which the ear­li­est — the are­na, the Roman the­atre and the cryp­to­por­ti­cus (sub­ter­ranean gal­leries) — date back to the 1st cen­tu­ry B.C. Dur­ing the 4th cen­tu­ry Arles expe­ri­enced a sec­ond gold­en age, as attest­ed by the baths of Con­stan­tine and the necrop­o­lis of Alyscamps. In the 11th and 12th cen­turies, Arles once again became one of the most attrac­tive cities in the Mediter­ranean. With­in the city walls, Saint-Trophime, with its clois­ter, is one of Provence‘s major Romanesque mon­u­ments.