Many civ­i­liza­tions have inhab­it­ed this small Aegean island, near Asia Minor, since the 3rd mil­len­ni­um B.C. The remains of Pythagor­eion, an ancient for­ti­fied port with Greek and Roman mon­u­ments and a spec­tac­u­lar tun­nel-aque­­duct, as well as the Heraion, tem­ple of the Sami­an Hera, can still be seen.