The primary purpose for the national park is the pristine Caribbean pine forest that covers 7.72 square miles (20 sq km) of the island.
The national park encompasses an area of 32.05 square miles (83 sq km). Inagua National Park is a neighboring protected area found within the Bahamas.
The majority of wildlife living with the national park boundaries are bird species. The Bahama parrot, Bahama Swallow, Bahama yellowthroat, and Bahama mockingbird are some of the endemic species. Other species include olive-capped warbler, West Indian Woodpecker, loggerhead kingbird, and the white-crowned pigeon. The Abaco or Bahama parrot is endangered and the primary reason for the establishment of the protected area with national park status.