Deriv­ing from springs in a cliff almost 200 m high over­look­ing the plain, cal­cite-laden waters have cre­at­ed at Pamukkale (Cot­ton Palace) an unre­al land­scape, made up of min­er­al forests, pet­ri­fied water­falls and a series of ter­raced basins. At the end of the 2nd cen­tu­ry B.C. the dynasty of the Attal­ids, the kings of Perg­a­mon, estab­lished the ther­mal spa of Hier­apo­lis. The ruins of the baths, tem­ples and oth­er Greek mon­u­ments can be seen at the site.