Two hills form the 37&nbsp,ha site on the South­ern Ana­to­lian Plateau. The taller east­ern mound con­tains eigh­teen lev­els of Neolith­ic occu­pa­tion between 7400&nbspbc and 6200&nbspbc, includ­ing wall paint­ings, reliefs, sculp­tures and oth­er sym­bol­ic and artis­tic fea­tures. Togeth­er they tes­ti­fy to the evo­lu­tion of social orga­ni­za­tion and cul­tur­al prac­tices as humans adapt­ed to a seden­tary life. The west­ern mound shows the evo­lu­tion of cul­tur­al prac­tices in the Chal­col­ith­ic peri­od, from 6200&nbspbc to 5200&nbspbc. &Ccedilatalh&oumly&uumlk pro­vides impor­tant evi­dence of the tran­si­tion from set­tled vil­lages to urban agglom­er­a­tion, which was main­tained in the same loca­tion for over 2,000 years. It fea­tures a unique street­less set­tle­ment of hous­es clus­tered back to back with roof access into the build­ings.