This region is a series of valleys devoid of permanent ice cover, covering an area of ​​approximately 4,800 square kilometers. The unique climate is created by katabatic winds, which reach speeds of up to 300 kilometers per hour and literally blow away snow and moisture. Frozen lakes such as Lake Vanda and Lake Bonney are found here, as well as the saltiest body of water on Earth, Don Juan Pond. Blood Falls, colored by iron-bearing bacteria, is located in the Taylor Valley. Despite the harsh conditions, microorganisms have been found in the rocks and beneath the ice sheets of the lakes, making this region important for astrobiology. Early explorers believed there was no life here, but modern research has proven otherwise. The area is used as a Mars analogue for testing technologies from NASA and other agencies. Geologically, the valleys consist of granite and gneiss, covered with gravel and moraine deposits. These unique conditions have been preserved for millions of years, making them a natural laboratory for studying the Earth’s climate and evolution.